Haryana

Haryana

Haryana is the state of northern India. Chandigarh is the state's capital. It is bordered by Himachal Predesh and Punjab to the north, Rajasthan to the west and south. Delhi is also surround to the north side of the state. The name Haryana means The Abode of God, in Sanskrit Hari and Ayana means home. The river Yamuna stands on the border of Haryana and the states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarachal. Total districts of Haryana are 19. There are more then 80 cities and town in Haryana.
Yamuna and Saraswati are the main rivers of the state. Haryan holds a important place in the history of India. Several battles were fought there. Some of the few famous battle were Mahabharat and the battle of Panipat.
Agriculture is the main occupation of lot peoples in Haryana. Milk and foodgrain are Haryana's leading productions. Haryana's per capita income is also good then many other states in India. Gurgaon is the major hub for Information Technology and Automobile Industries in the country. Some of few Big Automobiles Industries have their headquarters in Gurgaon (Haryana) like Hero Honda and Maruti Udyog Ltd. There are textile and steel industries also in the state.

History

From the ancient time, Haryana has played a very important role in the history India. In the past Indus Valley Civilization have been found at Naurangabad in Bhivani District, Aghora in Hisar District. The Ancient Vedic Civilization were flourished on the banks of the Saraswati. There are several places which are mentioned in the famous epic, Mahabharata correspond to morden day cities in Haryana. One of the grate battle of the Kauravas and Pandavas tool place near the city of Kurukshetra. This battle took place to take control over Hastinapur. Krishna preached Bhagvad Gita to Arjuna there. Few greatest personality at that time were Emperor Janamejaya, Raja Jai Rao, Tomar Rajput, Prithviraj Chauhan, Maharaja Agrasen, King Harshvardhana, etc. Near Kurukshetra, The King Harshavardhana established his capital. The King ruled over a vast region for quite a while. Step by step the region gain importance for the rulers. In the 12th century Prithviraj Chauhan established forts at Tarori and Hansi. In the history of Panipat there were three famous battles took place there. The first battle faught between Babur, the ruler of Kabul and Ibrahim Lodi of the Delhi Sultanate, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi. In the second battle of Panipat Akbar defeated Hem Chandra Vikramaditya who was the Hindu King. The third and last battle of Panipat was between Ahmad Shah Abadali of Afghan and Sadashivrao Bhau of Pune of Maratha. In this battle Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated Sadashivrao. All these three battles fought in the period of 1525 to 1762.
In the British Raj lot of leaders took part in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Also during the Indian Freedom fight lot of peoples from the Haryan fought against the British Raj. Important fights took place in Sonipat, Sirsa, Hissar and Rothak. Rao Tula Ram was one of the important leader who took part actively in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Geography

Haryana located at northern India. Haryana has the Aravalli Hills in the south and Shivalik Hills in the north. The Yamuna river is the most important river of the state while there are some other important rivers in state, like the Saraswati river, the Markanda river and the Ghaggar river. The climate of Haryana is very hot in the summer which is around 50 degree Celsius and cold in winter around 1 deg Celsius. There is a monsoon season in July-September.

Culture

Haryana has a rich cultural heritage. People have their own tradition. Haryana has lot of festivals just like other states of India have.Haryana has a rich tradition of folk music. Classical music is also so have a big impact of the people of Haryana. Lot of Ragas are famous and sung by the people of the state, like Bhairavi, Kafi, Bhairav and many more. Dance is also so important form there. Hindi and Haryanvi are the major languages of Haryana, lot of other dialects are there. Sanskrit is still taught in most of the schools in Haryana. English is also widely spoken in Haryana.


Economy

Haryana is one of the main states in India which gain top ranks about its economic growth. Haryana grabbed the top position in terms of per capita investment in the last fiscal year. That is why Haryana's economy is one of the strongest economy in India. Lot of multinational companies are there which operates through Haryana state. That is why Haryana received a big FDI (foreign direct investment) in a good numbers. There are few top corporate groups of India have their corporate headquaters in Haryana state. In banking sector also Haryana holds a good position. Approximately thousands of large and medium industries are there. Lot of there have their existence in Gurgain, Faridabad, and Bahadurgarh. Lot of manufacturing firms are there, because of this Haryana grabbed a main position in the production of four wheeler, two wheeler and automobiles parts. Some of the top corporate houses, which runs from Haryana, are as follows: Maruti Udyog Ltd., Hero Honda, Bharti Telecom, Hindustan Machine Tools and Alcatel.
Corporate houses in Faridabad - JCB India Ltd., Yamaha Motor India, ABB and Whirlpool etc.

Education

There were more then 10000 primary schools, around 1500 middle schools and approximately 3000 high schools and around 1000 senior secondary schools in Haryana.

Universities of Haryana

1. Kurukshetra Univercity, Kurukshetra.
2. Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar.
3. Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak
4. Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sisra.
5. Chaudhary Charan Singh Agricultural University, Hisar.